vertheim.com
  • Modelling
    • Links >
      • Modelling Hair & Fur
      • Paint Deformation
      • Painting with Objects
    • Types of Modelling >
      • Hard Edge Modelling
      • Poly Modelling >
        • VTMs >
          • Basic Geometry >
            • How to stop geometry using kites
            • Example of where to use kites
            • Poles
            • Extruding for Animation
            • Simple Muscle Definition
          • How to Start a Human Torso
          • Hands
          • Blocking Out a Hand
          • Modelling Hellboy's Head .vtm >
            • Simple breakdown in PDF format
          • Facial Geometry
          • Advanced Body Geometry
          • Cloth Modifier >
            • Making a simple tablecloth
            • Making a Cushion
            • Cloth Help files
          • Modelling Wire mesh
        • Images for Modelling Characters
      • Patch Modelling >
        • VTM
      • Spline Modelling >
        • VTMs >
          • Working with Splines
          • How to build a spline car >
            • Part 1
            • Part 2
            • Part 3
            • Part 4
            • Part 5
            • Part 6
        • Spline Car Images for VTM
      • Map Modelling >
        • Using Maps to Model (displace) >
          • VTM
      • NURBS
      • MakeHuman
    • Architectural Stuff >
      • Five AutoCAD Tips That Make a Big Difference
      • AEC Extended
      • Windows
      • Doors
      • Walls
    • Tools >
      • Realigning Pivots
      • Containers, Xrefs & Proxies >
        • Containers
      • The Array Command
      • Graphite Modelling Ribbon >
        • Read Me!
        • VTMs >
          • Painting Objects
          • Freeform Tools
          • Conform Tools
      • Optimising & Analysing
      • Solving Ngons
      • Populate Tool
      • Perspective Match
    • Speeding Up Production with a Custom UI in 3ds Max
    • Speed up your Workflow in 3DS Max!
    • Why are Ngons & Triangles so Bad?
    • Modeling with Quads or Triangles - What Should I Use?
    • Subdivision / Open Subdiv
    • Different File Formats. Which one?
    • Useful Geometry Images - How & Why
    • Retopology
    • Retopology workflow in 3ds Max - the how and why
    • Hard Edge modelling vs Organic Modelling
    • 10 Anatomy Tips for 3D Modelling
  • Photoshop
    • Links
    • Day to Night
    • The RAW Format >
      • RAW Images
      • ACR Camera Raw Filter Photoshop Clarity
      • Editing RAW Images
      • How to Read a Histogram
    • Pixelflakes.com
    • Animating in Photoshop (Video)
    • Animating in Photoshop (Keyframe)
    • Photographic Retouching and Manipulation
    • Young to Old - The Aging Process
    • Turn Anything into Fire
    • From Destructive to Constructive
    • CS4 VTMs >
      • 3D Cross Section
      • 3D Layers 1
      • 3D Layers 2
      • A Better Impression
      • Adding Depth
      • Ageing Process
      • Animation
      • Beards & Stubble
      • Blending Options
      • Boxing Clever
      • Cartoon Distortion
      • Change of Skin
      • Change of Skin 2
      • Clone Tool
      • Combining Body Parts
      • Complex Shadows
      • Content Aware 1
      • Content Aware 2
      • Custom Brush Design
      • Day for Night
      • Digging Graves
      • Drawing Ribbons
      • Easy Multiple Adjustments
      • Explosions
      • Flyaway Hair
      • Folds & Wrinkles
      • Free Transform
      • Hard Light Shading
      • Image Warp
      • Layer Masks
      • Lock & Load
      • Magical realism
      • Making it Rain
      • Metal with Curves
      • Moving Eyes
      • Multiple Shadows
      • Multiple Strokes
      • Opening Doors
      • People & Cars
      • Perspective Crop
      • Perspective Drawing
      • Portrait Restoration
      • Refine Edges
      • Replace Colour
      • Reverse Ageing
      • RGB & CMYK
      • Rust & Grime
      • Selection Basics
      • Selective Hue - Saturation
      • Silver into Gold
      • Turning Heads
      • Vanishing Point
      • Visible Light
      • Watercolour
      • Window Light
    • Basic CC Training by Digital Tutors
    • CS6 Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Upscaling Images in PS CC
    • Ivy Generator
    • Mr Bean
    • Normal Maps >
      • Nvidia Plugins
    • Brushes >
      • How to load Brush files
      • Brush Tool .vtm
      • Custom Brushes (no images)
      • Custom Brushes (with images) >
        • Destroyed Heraldry
        • Abstract Splatter
        • Destroyed Elements
        • Hand drawn Floral
        • Hand drawn Heraldic Designs
    • Colour Correcting & Matching using Curves
    • How to Use Layer Masks in Photoshop
    • Creat Ice Effect
    • Make a fantasy composite landscape
    • Discover Layer Masks in Photoshop CS6
    • 10 Tips on becoming a Hotshot Character Artist
    • Matte Painting >
      • Direct Links
      • 3 Great Matte Tutorials
      • CGMA Competition
      • Nathalie Mathé
      • 3D Artist - Matte Painting
      • Build a Matte Image using VUE
      • The Matte Paintings of the Star Wars Trilogy
    • Painting Direct on a 3D Model >
      • CS5 & Earlier >
        • Level: Beginner >
          • VTM
        • Level: Advanced >
          • VTMs >
            • Part 1
            • Part 2
            • Part 3
      • CS6 >
        • VTM
      • CC >
        • VTM
    • Creating 3D Objects in CS6
    • 3D - What's new in CS6 .pdf
    • Day to Night >
      • for Animation / Film using After Effects
      • for Stills using Photoshop
    • Using Perspective and Vanishing Point to make realistic composites
    • Using Perspective or Vanishing Point Filter >
      • VTM
      • Image used
    • Creating a 360 degree Photo
    • Techniques for Creating Realistic Eyes for Another Level of Believability
    • Blending Modes Explained
    • Tools >
      • Actions
      • Blur Tools in CS6
      • Edit / Transforms
      • 2D Displacement Maps >
        • VTM
        • Images for VTM
      • Liquify
      • Pen Tool Basics
  • Lighting
    • Links
    • An In-Depth look at Lighting
    • Volumetrics >
      • Direct Link
      • VTM
    • Ambient Occlusion >
      • VTM
      • Tutorial on Simple Nspace & AO
    • Shadows >
      • Types of Shadow - Help files & Other .vtms
      • Direct Links to books & sites
      • VTM
    • Caustics >
      • A Brief look at Caustics.pdf
      • VTM
      • Caustics Generator
    • Glow & Glare >
      • VTM
    • I.E.S. Lighting Files >
      • VTM >
        • What to do with an IES file
      • IES Viewer
      • IES Generator
      • IES Files >
        • Read Me First
        • Downlighting
        • Emergency
        • Fluorescent
        • Industrial HID
        • Rough Service
        • Track Lighting
    • MR Exposure Controls >
      • VTM
    • Stage Lighting
    • 24 things you should know about lighting
    • How to get better at Lighting
  • Substances
    • Substance Materials >
      • VTM's
    • Substance Designer >
      • Designer VTM's by Allegorithmic
      • Substance Designer Insanity Awards 2018
    • Substance Source >
      • Source Link Page
      • Mark Foreman's Medieval World
    • Substance Painter 2018 >
      • VTM's >
        • Introduction
        • 01 - Creating and setting up a project
        • 02 - Baking maps used in the texturing process
        • 03 - Creating the base paint material
        • 04 - Finishing the painted material and creating rust
        • 05 - Finishing the rust material
        • 06 - Applying Smart Materials and Layer Instancing
        • 07 - Using the brush system
        • 08 - Using Paint Effects, Projection and Cloning tools
        • 09 - Using Anchors
        • 10 - Masking materials with ID maps and Polygon Fill Tool
        • 11 - Creating the dirt and glass materials
        • 12 - Rendering a portfolio image and exporting maps
        • Project files
  • Textures
    • Links
    • How to Create a Material Library in Max 2015
    • Library >
      • Textures >
        • Computer Generated
        • Seamless / Tileable >
          • Bark
          • Brick
          • Fabric
          • Grass
          • Metal
          • Road
          • Rust
          • Stone
          • Wall
          • Wood
        • Sticky Tape
        • Foliage
        • Circuit Board
        • Paper >
          • Paper
          • Old Books
        • Grunge
        • Metal >
          • Assorted
          • Rust
        • Vectors
        • Wood
        • Water
        • Cement >
          • Cement
          • Stained Concrete
        • Fabrics
        • Peeling Paint
        • Odds & Ends
        • Trees & Foliage >
          • Maps
          • Bump
      • Images >
        • Free Images
        • Skulls
        • Assorted Photo Scenes
        • Lightning
        • Wraparound & Widescreen Images
        • Assorted Matte Paintings
        • Pirate's Galleon
        • Rocks & Stone
        • 140 Trees & Bushes
      • Blueprints >
        • Links
        • Vehicles
        • Aircraft
        • Buildings
        • Marvel Characters >
          • Male
          • Female
          • Other...
      • Map Sets >
        • Alien Wall
        • Stone Carved Wall
        • Lumpy Sharp-edged Wall
        • Mossy Castle Wall
        • Carved Rosewood Panelling
        • Distressed Concrete Blocks
        • Muddy Wagon Tracks
        • Art Deco Doors
        • Lava Cracks
      • Assorted .psd Texture Files
    • Render to Texture (Baking) >
      • Direct Link
      • VTM
    • Viewport Canvas >
      • Links
      • Paint Models directly in 3ds Max
      • Read Me >
        • Introduction and Custom Brushes
        • PSD Workflow and Using Render to Texture
        • Viewport Canvas and Render Surface Map
        • Matte Painting and Viewport Canvas
    • Road Texture Generator
    • Applying Textures >
      • UVW Unwrap >
        • VTMs >
          • Unwrapping in Max 2017
          • Great Link
          • Drinks Carton
          • Hand
          • Pelt & Peel
          • External VTM,s Parts 1 - 10
          • Peel
        • VTM Images >
          • Carton
          • Hand
        • VTM .psd Files >
          • Carton
          • Hand
        • Max file for the Hand
      • Camera Mapping >
        • VTMs >
          • Part 1
          • Part 2
          • Part 3
        • Images For Camera Mapping Exercise
        • Images for you to practice with
    • Shaders >
      • Autodesk help on Shaders
      • Submerge
    • Creating Textures >
      • Composite Materials (NOT multi-sub)
      • Ivy Generator
      • Tips for Creating Perfect Normal Maps Every Time
      • Normal Maps >
        • Tutorials
        • Projection Mapping
        • The Atomic Thrust Bucket >
          • VTM
      • 3D Displacement Maps >
        • VTM
      • Tileable Textures >
        • VTMs >
          • Part 1
          • Part 2
        • Mix Maps
      • Mix Maps & Vertex Painting
      • Hair & Fur >
        • Direct Link
        • VTM
      • Sub Surface Scattering >
        • What is it?
        • Epic Tutorial
        • VTM
      • Procedural Maps >
        • VTM
    • Plug-ins >
      • Advanced Procedural maps
    • The Problem with Hair... >
      • Modelling Hair
      • Making Hair with Planes
      • Using Hair & Fur
    • PTEX
  • Animation
    • Alan Becker - Stick man Master
    • Adobe Character Animator
    • Links
    • Animation Terminology
    • Animating Cameras for Architectural Visualisation
    • Emphasizing Animation Timing to Convey Weight and Force
    • Animation Body Mechanics - Understanding Exaggeration
    • Fire Effects using Particles
    • Animation for Games
    • Character Studies? Yes, Please!
    • Particles >
      • Sparks
      • Pouring Beer
    • Rigging >
      • Cat Rig Setup
      • Skinning
      • Skin Morph
      • Skin Wrap
      • Facial Rig
    • Roboball - Read Me >
      • Part 1 - Animation
      • Part 2 - Shading
      • Part 3 - Shading
      • Part 4 - Compositing
    • How to make objects disappear using procedural maps
    • Artist Guide to Motion Graphics >
      • Read Me First >
        • Part 1 >
          • Introduction and project overview
          • Initial project concept and storyboards
          • Adding lights to the scene in 3ds Max
        • Part 2 >
          • Using mental ray materials
          • Using 3ds Max particles to create sparks
          • Getting acquainted with State Sets in 3ds Max
        • Part 3 >
          • Using State Sets to create custom render passes
          • Separating scene elements using State Sets
          • Using Render Elements in 3ds Max
        • Part 4 >
          • Creating 3D elements that can be transferred to After Effects
          • Using the 3ds Max Compositor View
          • Installing the Autodesk Compositor Link plugin for After Effects
          • Overview of Media Sync workflow between 3ds Max and After Effects
          • Using Helper Objects to quickly place 3D layers
          • Using 3D Nulls to drive 2D effects like lens flares
        • Part 5 >
          • Baking an expression to fix motion blurred camera animation
          • Creating glows and changes with the Object ID pass
          • Overview of the compositing techniques use in the final render
          • How to install MAXScripts and add them to the interface
          • Creating custom attributes and transforming selected objects
          • Controlling many objects simply with MAXScript and expressions
    • Principles of Animation >
      • Digital Tutors' 12 Principles
      • 12 principles
      • Staging
      • Exaggeration
      • The 12 Principles Simplified
    • How to Link Sub-Objects to helpers
    • Rigging (3D Artist)
    • Pushing Your Rigs to the Limit - Using Exaggeration for More Appealing Animation
  • Rendering
    • Links
    • 5 Rendering Tips for Animators When Adding the Final Touches to Your Demo Reel
    • Basic Render Elements
    • Produce Expert Renders
    • Quicksilver >
      • Direct Link
    • Mental Ray >
      • Final Gather vs. Global Illumination
      • Global Illumination & Final Gather >
        • For Still Images >
          • VTM
        • For Animation >
          • VTM
      • Proxy Objects >
        • Xrefs
        • Containers >
          • VTMs
        • XRef vs Containers
        • MR Proxies >
          • VTM
    • V-Ray >
      • The BIG V-Ray Book
    • Corona >
      • Sub Surface Scattering with Corona MTL
    • Tools >
      • Level of Detail Utility
    • Simple Render Passes
  • 3ds Max for Beginners
  • Maya
    • Introduction to MAYA 2019
    • Basic
  • Mudbox
    • Tips for Beginners
    • Sculpting VTMs
    • Sculpting Films
    • Materials & Textures
    • Mudbox & Photoshop
    • Map Extraction
    • Retopology
    • Modelling using Displacement Maps
    • Creating hard surface stamps for Mudbox
    • Creating Vector Displacement Stamps
    • Using Vector Maps
    • Lighting
    • Using the Pose Tools
    • Ptex VTM
    • PTex - Mudbox to Max
    • Rendering Ptex with Mudbox, Maya & MR
    • The Jason Welsh Boxset >
      • Retopology Phase
      • Hard Surface Brushes
      • Creating Stamp from an Alpha
      • Image to Stamp without height information)
      • Texture to stencil
      • Sculpting with Stencils
      • Uniform Subdivision
      • UV Phase
      • Mapping Phase
      • Combining Normal Maps
      • Specular Map Option
      • Painting Option
      • Post Processing Texture Phase)
      • Post Processing Preview Cleanup and Repair Phase)
  • PBR Materials
  • Epic Games
    • Creating Materials in UE4
    • Hotkeys, Naming conventions etc.
    • Unreal Studio >
      • Preparing Models and Datasmith
      • Lightmass and Beyond
      • Steamroller
      • Unwrapping for Arch Vis
    • Unreal Engine >
      • Doors
      • Changing cameras
      • Complete Lighting Workflow
      • Beginners Guide
      • Big VTM for beginners
      • Must see! Speed Level Design
  • Post Production
    • After Effects Tutorials by Surfaced Studio >
      • Beginner >
        • How to Create Cool VFX
        • Compositions & Pre-Composing
        • Introduction to Masking
        • Adjustment Layers
        • Track Mattes
        • Parenting
        • Null Objects
        • 3D
      • Intermediate >
        • Muzzle Flash
        • How to Morph / Warp an Object
        • Advanced Morphing
        • Realistic Bullet Effects
        • How to get Hit by a Car
        • Motion Tracking
        • Explosions
        • How to Curve a Bullet
        • Bullet Hit Destruction
        • Make a Shooting Look Real
        • Common Green Screen Mistakes
        • How to Clone Yourself
      • Advanced >
        • How to Move a Camera Through a Wall or Floor
        • VFX - Dissolve into Crows (Short & Breakdown)
        • VFX - Dissolve into Crows Tutorial
        • How to Blow Up a Motorbike
        • Compositing Fireworks
        • Breaking Through a Roof
    • Dramatic Lighting in After Effects
    • Post Production in After Effects
    • After Effects, 3ds Max - Motion tracking, match moving & camera tracking
    • Mass FX, 3ds Max - Ball and Chain Complex Rigid Body Constraint
    • Links
  • Photography
    • Concepts & Terminology
    • Camera Equipment & Accessories
    • Editing & Post Processing
    • Colour Management & Printing
    • Understanding the F Stop
  • Photogrammetry
    • Photogrammetry
    • Create 3D Models & Textures From Photos
  • Photorealism Explained
  • 3D Scanning
    • Fuel 3D / Scanify
    • 3rd party stitching >
      • Autodesk Meshmixer
      • Meshlab
  • Games
    • Character, Controls, Camera: The 3Cs of Game Development
    • 10 Things Professional Game Artists Wish They Knew When They First Started
    • Animation for Games
    • Vehicle Game Asset
  • Film
    • Hollywood VFX
    • Practical Effects and Digital Effects
    • Reel FX Helps Write The Book of Life
    • Behind the Scenes of X-Men: Days of Future Past
    • Gravity
    • 'Atlantis' Rope Bridge scene by Vine Studios
    • The Evolution of VFX in Movies: The 60s Till Now
  • Work
    • How to become a Successful Freelance Artist
    • If Every 3D Job Requires "Job Experience" How Will I Ever Break into the Industry?
    • Build a Professional Showreel
    • Create Your Best Showreel
    • Five Tips for Critiquing Your Own Work
    • Demo Reel and Portfolio Tips from Game Industry Professionals
    • Escape Studios Careers Guide 2016
  • Drawing, Sketching etc
    • 10 Tips on becoming a Hotshot Character Artist
    • Planning your Drawing
    • How to Draw a Human Head
    • Drawing a Human Head at Different angles
    • Drawing Mouths and Lips
    • Mouth Expressions
    • Gesture Drawing
    • Dramatic Facial Expressions
    • Drawing Eyes
    • Drawing Hands
    • Drawing Emotion
    • Female Body Construction
    • Foreshortening
    • Drawing Anatomy >
      • Drawing Anatomy Pt 1
      • Drawing Anatomy Pt 2
    • How to Find Natural Rhythm Lines
    • Perspective
    • The Character design Process
    • Poses
    • Western vs Anime
    • How to Create Realistic Textures >
      • How to Create Realistic Textures Pt 1
      • How to Create Realistic Textures Pt 2
    • How to Create Realistic Textures Pt 3
  • What's new in Max 2019
  • Odds & Ends
    • Cinemagraphs
    • Trees
    • RSS Feeds >
      • Technology Magazines
      • 3D Artists
      • 3D Printing
      • Science Fiction
      • Tech Radar
      • ScriptSpot.com
    • Graphic Design >
      • Understanding Design Jargon: Design Principles
    • External Links >
      • Luciano Sgarbi
    • How to set up a Project Folder
    • Sound >
      • Intro to Prosound
      • Free WMA-MP3 Converter
      • Royalty Free Music
      • Sounds >
        • Links
        • Alarms
        • Animals
        • Computers
        • Email
        • Sound Effects
        • Voices
        • Gunfire
        • Short Tunes
    • Scripts >
      • 3D Stereoscopy
      • Brickerizer
      • Camera Switcher
      • Clay Render
      • Resource Collector
      • Deformed Edges
      • Rockmaker
      • BookScatter
      • Material Creator / Randomisor
      • Quick Ambient Occlusion
      • Fracture
      • Links
    • Scanned Stuff >
      • Produce Expert Renders
      • The Future of VFX
      • Rigging (3D Artist)
      • Build a Matte Image
      • 3D Artist - Matte Painting
      • Atmospheric Arch-Viz Renders
      • 50 ZBrush Secrets
      • Animation for Games
      • Wooden Arch Viz Interiors
      • Dramatic Lighting in After Effects
      • 50 Tips for better characters
      • The Art of Arch Vis
      • 50 Hot Topology Tips
      • Post Production in After Effects
      • Create Your Best Showreel
      • Get a Job in the Games Industry
      • Create 3D Games Assets
      • Digital Doubles
      • 3D Printing
      • Essential CG Projects
      • Vehicle Game Asset
      • Turbo - The Art of Dreamworks
      • Facial Animation
      • CG Worlds
      • 3ds Max 2014
      • Gravity
      • Art of Sci-Fi
      • Rigging in Max
    • 3DS Models >
      • Previews
  • Video Encoding
  • Glossary
    • Modelling
    • Materials
    • Maps
    • Lighting
    • Animation
    • Modifiers
    • Rendering
    • Scripts
    • Shadows
  • VR & AR
  • Modelling
    • Links >
      • Modelling Hair & Fur
      • Paint Deformation
      • Painting with Objects
    • Types of Modelling >
      • Hard Edge Modelling
      • Poly Modelling >
        • VTMs >
          • Basic Geometry >
            • How to stop geometry using kites
            • Example of where to use kites
            • Poles
            • Extruding for Animation
            • Simple Muscle Definition
          • How to Start a Human Torso
          • Hands
          • Blocking Out a Hand
          • Modelling Hellboy's Head .vtm >
            • Simple breakdown in PDF format
          • Facial Geometry
          • Advanced Body Geometry
          • Cloth Modifier >
            • Making a simple tablecloth
            • Making a Cushion
            • Cloth Help files
          • Modelling Wire mesh
        • Images for Modelling Characters
      • Patch Modelling >
        • VTM
      • Spline Modelling >
        • VTMs >
          • Working with Splines
          • How to build a spline car >
            • Part 1
            • Part 2
            • Part 3
            • Part 4
            • Part 5
            • Part 6
        • Spline Car Images for VTM
      • Map Modelling >
        • Using Maps to Model (displace) >
          • VTM
      • NURBS
      • MakeHuman
    • Architectural Stuff >
      • Five AutoCAD Tips That Make a Big Difference
      • AEC Extended
      • Windows
      • Doors
      • Walls
    • Tools >
      • Realigning Pivots
      • Containers, Xrefs & Proxies >
        • Containers
      • The Array Command
      • Graphite Modelling Ribbon >
        • Read Me!
        • VTMs >
          • Painting Objects
          • Freeform Tools
          • Conform Tools
      • Optimising & Analysing
      • Solving Ngons
      • Populate Tool
      • Perspective Match
    • Speeding Up Production with a Custom UI in 3ds Max
    • Speed up your Workflow in 3DS Max!
    • Why are Ngons & Triangles so Bad?
    • Modeling with Quads or Triangles - What Should I Use?
    • Subdivision / Open Subdiv
    • Different File Formats. Which one?
    • Useful Geometry Images - How & Why
    • Retopology
    • Retopology workflow in 3ds Max - the how and why
    • Hard Edge modelling vs Organic Modelling
    • 10 Anatomy Tips for 3D Modelling
  • Photoshop
    • Links
    • Day to Night
    • The RAW Format >
      • RAW Images
      • ACR Camera Raw Filter Photoshop Clarity
      • Editing RAW Images
      • How to Read a Histogram
    • Pixelflakes.com
    • Animating in Photoshop (Video)
    • Animating in Photoshop (Keyframe)
    • Photographic Retouching and Manipulation
    • Young to Old - The Aging Process
    • Turn Anything into Fire
    • From Destructive to Constructive
    • CS4 VTMs >
      • 3D Cross Section
      • 3D Layers 1
      • 3D Layers 2
      • A Better Impression
      • Adding Depth
      • Ageing Process
      • Animation
      • Beards & Stubble
      • Blending Options
      • Boxing Clever
      • Cartoon Distortion
      • Change of Skin
      • Change of Skin 2
      • Clone Tool
      • Combining Body Parts
      • Complex Shadows
      • Content Aware 1
      • Content Aware 2
      • Custom Brush Design
      • Day for Night
      • Digging Graves
      • Drawing Ribbons
      • Easy Multiple Adjustments
      • Explosions
      • Flyaway Hair
      • Folds & Wrinkles
      • Free Transform
      • Hard Light Shading
      • Image Warp
      • Layer Masks
      • Lock & Load
      • Magical realism
      • Making it Rain
      • Metal with Curves
      • Moving Eyes
      • Multiple Shadows
      • Multiple Strokes
      • Opening Doors
      • People & Cars
      • Perspective Crop
      • Perspective Drawing
      • Portrait Restoration
      • Refine Edges
      • Replace Colour
      • Reverse Ageing
      • RGB & CMYK
      • Rust & Grime
      • Selection Basics
      • Selective Hue - Saturation
      • Silver into Gold
      • Turning Heads
      • Vanishing Point
      • Visible Light
      • Watercolour
      • Window Light
    • Basic CC Training by Digital Tutors
    • CS6 Keyboard Shortcuts
    • Upscaling Images in PS CC
    • Ivy Generator
    • Mr Bean
    • Normal Maps >
      • Nvidia Plugins
    • Brushes >
      • How to load Brush files
      • Brush Tool .vtm
      • Custom Brushes (no images)
      • Custom Brushes (with images) >
        • Destroyed Heraldry
        • Abstract Splatter
        • Destroyed Elements
        • Hand drawn Floral
        • Hand drawn Heraldic Designs
    • Colour Correcting & Matching using Curves
    • How to Use Layer Masks in Photoshop
    • Creat Ice Effect
    • Make a fantasy composite landscape
    • Discover Layer Masks in Photoshop CS6
    • 10 Tips on becoming a Hotshot Character Artist
    • Matte Painting >
      • Direct Links
      • 3 Great Matte Tutorials
      • CGMA Competition
      • Nathalie Mathé
      • 3D Artist - Matte Painting
      • Build a Matte Image using VUE
      • The Matte Paintings of the Star Wars Trilogy
    • Painting Direct on a 3D Model >
      • CS5 & Earlier >
        • Level: Beginner >
          • VTM
        • Level: Advanced >
          • VTMs >
            • Part 1
            • Part 2
            • Part 3
      • CS6 >
        • VTM
      • CC >
        • VTM
    • Creating 3D Objects in CS6
    • 3D - What's new in CS6 .pdf
    • Day to Night >
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vertheim.com

pen tool basics


courtesy of Digital Tutors
Getting Familiar with Pen Tool Basics

As a beginner in design, the pen tool is definitely the absolute most frustrating thing in the entire world. That might sound slightly hyperbolic, but when you’re just learning about Bezier curves and handles and still trying to create something that actually resembles something else, it’s true.

However, if you can stick it out and learn why the curves you’re creating are curving in what initially seems like an illogical way, you’ll be able to do so much more effective design work. Once you’ve mastered the pen tool, so many more doors will open to you in you software of choice. What might have took you forever to do, could now take just a few click and drags with your mouse.

Since it’s so difficult for many to initially grasp, you might ask yourself if it’s even worth your time to learn. The answer is a resounding yes. You can use the polygon or lasso tool instead to achieve a lot of the same goals, but the pen tool when used properly is super handy.

The pen tool can be found in four Adobe programs: Illustrator, Photoshop, After Effects, and InDesign. There are some differences between the four programs, but the basic concepts are pretty similar. We’re not going to go into the differences between the various softwares in this article. This will be more about general tips for the pen tool.

The pen tool works with paths and not pixels. So when you’re creating with the pen tool, you’re creating vector objects.

Scribble created with Pen Tool

Anchor Points

The first thing you should know about the pen tool is that it all revolves around the use of anchor points. Anchor points are a key component to the pen tool. Whether you’re creating paths or shapes, the main thing you should be worried about is the anchor points.

When you use the pen tool, every time that you click you’re creating an anchor point. The software then will connect the anchor points through lines that it calculates mathematically.

Depending on whether or not you click and drag or simply just click when you create the points the software will know to create a straight or curved line.

You can move the anchors around to adjust your shape with the Direct Selection tool, which is represented with a white arrow.

Path Selection vs. Direct Selection

The path selection and direct selection tools can help you out immensely. Understanding the difference between them is the first step to success.

The Path Selection tool is a black arrow. When you want to move the entire path you’ve created, you’ll use this tool. You’ll use this tool to maybe readjust where your path is located on the canvas.

The Direct Selection tool is a white arrow. The Direct Selection tool makes it possible for you to move the anchor points and handles around. The Path Selection tool lets you move the entire thing.

Before you start working with the pen tool, it’s a great practice to choose the Direct Selection tool so that when you’re in the pen tool all you have to do is hold down Command for Mac or Control for PC to be able to change the location of anchor points. You can also adjust the position of handles if you’re using the selection tool.

The reason that you need to choose the Direct Selection tool before the pen tool is that using Control or Command only toggles between the last tool used. So if you’ve used the move tool right before you use the pen tool, if you toggle you’ll end up with the move tool instead.

Setting up this toggle ahead of time isn’t a necessity when using the pen tool, but it will be a great help to you.

Click

Star showing anchor points

If you click and just click again, then the pen tool know that you’re wanting to create a straight line. A shape with hard corners and sides, like a star or square, would be created by connecting anchor points by simply clicking.

Clicking will create an anchor point without any handles.

If you hold down shift before you click, it’ll make it possible for you to add anchor points at right angles. This’ll make it easier for you to make straight edges.

Click and Drag

When using the pen tool and you click and drag, that’s when you’re telling the anchor that you want it to have handles, so that it can make curves. Those curves are often referred to as “Bezier Curves.”

Circle showing Bezier Handles

We already know that the computer calculates the line that connects two anchor points, so when you’re adding handles to the anchor point you’re telling the computer to draw the next line toward the handle you’ve created. If you hold down your Shift key while dragging you’ll be able to make the handles on right angles.

The path you’re making will always gravitate to the handle. They want to be best friends. If you want to keep them separate, then you’ll need to adjust the handle, or convert the anchor point to a corner (more on that later).

While it may seem like adding as many anchor points as possible to create a curve is the way to go, that’s false. Using less anchor points is a much better practice. The reason for this is once you have too many points, your shape can start to look jagged since there isn’t enough space for the curve to form before it’s interrupted. You’ll see in the image below how adding more anchor points can make an illustration look weird.

Different Hearts created with different amounts of anchor points

There are a lot of different ideas about the best way to create handles. Some suggest making the handles follow the path as closely as possible so that the path curves almost independently of any dragging. Other suggest to find the outward most part of the curve and add points there with handles at right angles.

The best way to use the pen tool is finding the way that makes the most logical sense to you.

Different Pen Tool Options

All the Adobe softwares that have the Pen tool have at least these four options that are available for you. The first is the Pen tool. The second is the Add Anchor Point tool. You’ll utilize this to add an anchor point to a path that you’ve already created. This is handy if you realize that you underestimated how many anchors you actually needed to get a curve just right. This tool can only be used on a preexisting path.

The next is Delete Anchor Point tool. It’s pretty self explanatory. You’ll use this tool to click on an anchor you no longer want and it’ll delete it.

The Convert Anchor Point tool is useful. You can make a corner point a smooth point by dragging the anchor point out of the corner. You can also change an anchor point with handles to an anchor point without handles, thereby making a corner where it was once smooth.

It’s important to close your paths, especially if you’ll want to fill them latter. All you need to do is click again on your initial starting anchor point. You’ll know that you’re closing the path when you have your mouse over the starting point and you see a small open circle near the bottom right corner of the pen cursor.

 

If you’re ready to dive in to learning how to use the Pen tool, then we suggest checking out our Understanding the Pen Tool in Photoshop course. While that specific course focuses on Photoshop, you can still learn a lot about pen tool basics for other softwares from it.

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